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The demands of optimizing decisions across an accelerating and expanding decision space while harnessing and exploiting vast amounts of all-domain data exceeds the threshold of human comprehension. Increasingly, decision-makers will rely on AI to bridge the gap by providing nuanced decision guidance and synthesis, while their adversaries do the same. Accordingly, a military force’s ability to rapidly act upon AI-driven recommendations will very likely determine military victory in the future. What Enables Decision Advantage? Decision advantage reflects the ability to close the OODA (Observe, Orient, Decide, Act) loop faster than an adversary. It can be broken down into a set of foundational components that form a rubric by which success on the future battlespace can be measured. These components are illustrated in Figure 2 and include the following: Data Advantage: The operational availability of data describing friendly and adversarial forces, the operating environment, events, etc. Superior data enables greater situational awareness and preemptive action. More data is not necessarily better. Instead, relevancy, timeliness, accuracy, and granularity are paramount. Algorithm Advantage: The accuracy, precision, speed, and robustness of heuristic and machine learning-based AI algorithms, also called AI models, used to inform warfighting activities. Comparable to the emergence of high-frequency trading in financial services, tomorrow’s warfighting operations will be guided by AI-powered algorithms, with and without humans in the loop. Faced with changing operational and threat environments, forces must be ready to rapidly adapt algorithms and implement them in real time. The side with the most powerful and efficient algorithms will lead the fight—they will be able to detect and classify adversary intent, calculate the best course of action through simulation, and select the optimal response before the adversary is able to do the same. Integration Advantage: The ability to integrate new and improved technologies into existing warfighting systems and platforms in the least amount of time. Near-future operations centers will resemble Formula 1 pit crews, monitoring the performance of data pipelines and AI systems to understand what modifications will result in the greatest incremental advantage in the field. However, unlike F1 vehicles, future platforms will not need to enter a “pit” for mechanical adjustments; they will instead receive modifications as software updates in near-real-time over communication networks. Forces that can most quickly integrate, overhaul, and deploy new technologies into the fight will achieve short-term overmatch advantage against adversaries. Interface Advantage: The degree of human-machine teaming through cognitive interfaces and robotics. The side best able to combine the strengths of humans and machines with the least friction will achieve decision and overmatch advantage on the battlefield. This is especially true for next-generation mission applications, where intuitive graphical user interfaces (GUIs), gesture-based controls, and mixed reality will be required to process highly dimensional, multi-domain data. Infrastructure Advantage: The ability to access, use, and dynamically configure compute, networking, and storage technologies at fixed, deployed, and forward positions on the battlefield. Because data and algorithm advantages are dependent on underlying infrastructure to intake and process data feeds, innovations that enable efficient use of infrastructure will act as force multipliers. Currently, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) portfolio of platforms and systems does not provide sufficient competitive advantage in these areas, requiring significant investment to modernize existing assets and develop new technologies to counter investments by strategic competitors. VIETNAM WAR Hours 10–100 Air GULF WAR Minutes 1,000+ Air, Land, Sea TODAY Seconds 1,000–10,000 Space, Swarms, Hypersonics TOMORROW Nanoseconds 10,000–100,000+ Cyber, Electronic Warfare, Directed Energy VELOCITY | © 2022 BOOZ ALLEN HAMILTON 35
V1. 2023: Velocity by Booz Allen
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